publications

Smart Contracts Smart contracts are one of the newest innovations in technology and cryptocurrencies. By functioning as a ‘contract’ and regulating agreements and transactions between individuals, they have a direct and effective connection with the world of law, especially contract law. Computer science and programming skills play a significant role in forming and implementing smart contracts, which is complemented by the impact of legal science and contract law. Like other […]

As climate change accelerates, global efforts to reduce greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions are expanding beyond government mandates. One of the most dynamic tools in this movement is the Voluntary Carbon Market (VCM)—a system that allows companies to purchase carbon credits to offset their emissions, while also supporting renewable energy and environmental sustainability projects. But beyond environmental impact, the VCM is also creating tangible business opportunities—particularly in emerging markets like Iran,

Pharmaceutical company registration in Iran involves specific procedures and steps. The “Regulations for the Establishment and Operation of Pharmaceutical Companies” outline the criteria and conditions necessary for registering this type of company. Karimi & Associates Law Firm, with a team of experts in various company matters, especially pharmaceutical firms, is prepared to offer services and advice. The types of pharmaceutical companies, according to the regulation above, are as follows: Pharmaceutical

The buyback agreement is a significant international agreement in FDI. This type of agreement in Iran is categorized into oil and non-oil, each with specific regulations. In this article, we will explore the general aspects of this agreement and its types, leaving the specific and detailed regulations for future articles. If you need a buy-back agreement or other foreign investment contracts, Karimi & Associates Law Firm can assist you with

Insurance and banking are among the fields that, in addition to their extraordinary significance, are perhaps considered some of the most attractive sectors for the presence of foreign companies. However, there are ambiguities regarding the activities of foreign investors in these areas, which will be addressed. It should be noted that addressing these two sectors does not imply that there are no ambiguities in the laws or practices of relevant

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is one of the most known methods of investment by a company or an individual in another country which refers to purchase of an asset giving the purchaser direct control over it. This can include buying lands, buildings, or even owning a controlling stake in a business or productive assets like factories. We have previously explored and detailed the “Protections and Incentives under FIPPA“ in an

Power of Attorney (POA) for Property Sale is a common legal arrangement in Iran that allows an individual, often called the principal, to delegate authority to another person, called the agent, to handle the sale of property or other assets on their behalf. In Iran’s legal system, this type of POA is particularly significant, as it can facilitate transactions where the owner may need to be made available or wishes

Letter of credit is one of the most important payment methods in domestic and international business transactions. It is a crucial tool in major business transactions, especially in cases where the parties enter into a transaction with each other for the first time or require assurance about the other party and its position. Karimi & Associates Law Firm, benefiting from specialists in domestic and international commercial contracts and arranging letters

According to Article 148 of the Commercial Law Amendment Bill of Iran, the inspector(s) are liable to verify the accuracy of the asset statement, performance period statement, profit and loss statement, and balance sheet prepared by the managers for submission to the general assembly and also to evaluate the information accuracy provided by the managers in Public assemblies. The inspectors also shall ensure that the shareholders’ rights are protected and

Arbitration in intellectual property rights issues, like other commercial arbitrations, has been on the rise in recent years. The growth and development of arbitration is due to the principle of the sovereignty of the will of the parties and the desirability of controlling the dispute handling process by the parties. Despite this, the arbitrator is not subject to the will of the parties in all circumstances, and the issuance of