publications

Among the most significant rules governing domestic arbitration are those set out in Chapter Seven of the Civil Procedure Code, comprising Articles 454 to 501. Pursuant to Article 454 of the Civil Procedure Code: “Any persons having the legal capacity to bring an action may, by mutual consent, refer their dispute or disagreement—whether or not it has been brought before the courts, and if brought, at any stage of the […]

The rapid growth of financial technology (FinTech) has fundamentally reshaped traditional financial models. Among the most transformative developments is “crowdfunding”; a mechanism that enables startups and businesses to raise capital directly from the public through digital platforms. Crowdfunding offers unprecedented access to finance when it is combined with FinTech. Similar to all developments in the field of law, crowdfunding also raises complex legal and regulatory questions that businesses cannot afford

The role of legal departments has become more demanding in an era where businesses must balance regulatory uncertainty and competitive pressure. That is why many companies are turning to Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) as a strategic tool to strengthen their legal capacity while controlling costs; especially those engaged in international trade and investment, and technology. As a full-service international law firm, Karimi & Associates Law Firm provides a wide set

Mergers and acquisitions are some of the most complex and risky processes in the business world. Achieving success in this area requires more than a smart financial strategy; it also involves identifying and managing hidden risks that can undermine the rationale for an M&A deal. Due diligence, particularly in the legal area, is a vital process for thoroughly evaluating a target company before making any final commitments. Karimi & Associates

One of the most common contracts in production and trade is the Manufacturing Agreement. This legal agreement allows an employer to entrust the manufacturing and production of a specific good or product to another party, often referred to as the contractor or manufacturer. The contractor is responsible for producing and delivering the product in accordance with the technical specifications, quality standards, and timelines outlined in the contract. It is important

After the death of a person, one of the first legal steps the heirs usually need to take is obtaining an Inheritance Certificate (also known as Heirship Certificate). Without this certificate, the legal division and transfer of the estate cannot proceed. In practice, most inheritance-related actions—such as transferring property, accessing bank accounts, or settling the estate—depend on the issuance of this document. Because the process involves filing a formal application

The division of inheritance among the heirs of the deceased is conducted according to the rules and laws outlined in the Iranian Civil Code. When dividing the inheritance, only individuals specified in the inheritance classes and degrees, in order of priority, are entitled to benefit from it. A fundamental question regarding the division of inheritance is how heirs can legally receive their shares. The first step in inheriting and dividing

As AI services become more widespread, business operations and practices are evolving, and legal firms and service providers are no exception. One key area in the legal field affected by AI is contract management. The use of AI in managing contracts is rapidly expanding as more organizations adopt AI-driven software to streamline their contract processes and reduce errors. Contract management is a complex process that involves drafting, negotiating, executing, and

Preface The right to health is one of the most fundamental rights of every human being, making the regulatory framework governing health rights—especially in the pharmaceutical sector—extremely important. The engagement of government officials and lawmakers in this area can significantly enhance public health. Their involvement allows for the development of effective strategies to protect individuals and society from potential harms associated with pharmaceuticals. In the Iranian legal system, the right

A Non-Disclosure Agreement (NDA) is one of the simplest yet most important contracts businesses rely on to protect the information that gives them an edge: whether that information is technical, financial, strategic, or simply not meant for competitors. NDAs appear everywhere: from early investment conversations and due diligence processes to employment negotiations and collaborations between companies. When drafted well, an NDA can prevent misunderstandings, limit legal exposure, and keep commercial