publications

Arbitration in intellectual property rights issues, like other commercial arbitrations, has been on the rise in recent years. The growth and development of arbitration is due to the principle of the sovereignty of the will of the parties and the desirability of controlling the dispute handling process by the parties. Despite this, the arbitrator is not subject to the will of the parties in all circumstances, and the issuance of […]

Citizenship or nationality is a word that is used to refer to a kind of political, spiritual or legal relationship between a person and a certain nation or government. Citizenship is a legal and international concept that has received a lot of attention in the last one or two centuries. Regarding the effect of marriage on a woman’s nationality, theoretically there are two main views (traditional and modern): the traditional

Introduction In accordance with Article 24 of the Amendment Bill of the Trade Law approved in 1347, a share refers to a portion of the capital of a joint stock company that delineates the level of participation, obligations, and interests of its owner in the company. Additionally, the share certificate is a negotiable document that represents each individual’s participation level in the joint stock company. Shares in joint stock companies

Introduction Following Article 72 of the Amendment Bill of the Trade Law approved in 1347, the General Assembly is essentially a meeting of a company’s shareholders. The rules for attendance and decision-making quorums are outlined in the company’s articles of association. Companies hold various types of general assemblies, including founding, ordinary, and extraordinary. Types of General Assemblies Founding The founding assembly is an essential part of establishing a joint-stock company

For a long time, and not so many years from now, every concept and issue about fashion was summarized in design, models, fashion designers, fashion shows, catwalks, etc. However, even at that time, protection of the designs and Intellectual Property and the related rights played a role, although during recent years, IP rights have turned into a leading role, generating more than USD 2 trillion per year. While the specifics

Introduction In Iran, foreign individuals are not permitted to own immovable property without obtaining a license and undergoing the necessary processes as per the country’s legal system. The regulations governing the acquisition of property by non-resident foreigners in Iran are outlined in the “Regulations on how to acquire immovable property by non-resident foreigners in the Islamic Republic of Iran,” which consists of seven articles. This text will explain these articles

The energy sector is characterized by long and intricate projects that require a substantial amount of capital. These ventures involve a range of activities, from exploration and development to production and distribution. However, the energy sector is also exposed to a high degree of risk due to geological events, such as natural disasters and resource depletion, as well as political changes and environmental regulations. Given the complexity and risks involved

Incoterms is a widely recognized document in the field of international trade. Compiling this document was necessary due to the significant differences in the legal systems of various countries. The main aim of Incoterms is to eliminate confusion in foreign trade contracts by outlining the responsibilities of both buyers and sellers. Domestic and international traders often use Incoterms as a shorthand to help them comprehend each other’s trade agreements and

In today’s world, where the production and supply of goods is crucial, the development of business relations depends largely on having a suitable and efficient method of transportation. International transportation of goods has fixed rules and principles that need to be followed and requires selecting the best method based on the state of infrastructure and facilities of the countries. Certain goods also require compliance with specific protocols and methods, which

Artificial intelligence (AI) is transforming the way businesses operate, and the field of contract management is no exception. The use of AI in contract management is rapidly increasing, with more and more organizations turning to AI-powered software to streamline their contract processes and reduce the risk of errors. Contract management is a complex process that involves drafting, negotiating, executing, and managing contracts. It is a critical component of most businesses,