publications

Arbitration, as an alternative method of dispute resolution, may encompass a wide range of subject matters. Regardless of the geographical scope governing a contract, such matters may arise in commercial agreements, employment contracts, confidentiality agreements, foreign investment arrangements, and other possible agreements between the parties. Each of these, depending on its nature, has its own distinctive characteristics. Accordingly, arbitration clauses in contracts may be required to address specific requirements aligned […]

 Moral rights are among the most important categories of intellectual property rights. Unlike economic rights, these rights are inalienable and perpetual, and they are intrinsically connected to the creator’s personality. But what is the purpose of these rights? The answer lies in the bond between the creator and the work itself: moral rights protect that bond, even if the creator is no longer the work’s owner. Protecting moral rights is

In today’s digital era, cloud-based software services have become an essential part of modern business operations. The adoption of these services has grown significantly, including online accounting platforms, Customer Relationship Management (CRM) systems, project management tools, and cloud data storage solutions. As businesses increasingly rely on cloud services, the need for clear, comprehensive legal agreements is more critical than ever. A Cloud Software Services Agreement is a key tool to

Among the most significant rules governing domestic arbitration are those set out in Chapter Seven of the Civil Procedure Code, comprising Articles 454 to 501. Pursuant to Article 454 of the Civil Procedure Code: “Any persons having the legal capacity to bring an action may, by mutual consent, refer their dispute or disagreement—whether or not it has been brought before the courts, and if brought, at any stage of the

The rapid growth of financial technology (FinTech) has fundamentally reshaped traditional financial models. Among the most transformative developments is “crowdfunding”; a mechanism that enables startups and businesses to raise capital directly from the public through digital platforms. Crowdfunding offers unprecedented access to finance when it is combined with FinTech. Similar to all developments in the field of law, crowdfunding also raises complex legal and regulatory questions that businesses cannot afford

The role of legal departments has become more demanding in an era where businesses must balance regulatory uncertainty and competitive pressure. That is why many companies are turning to Legal Process Outsourcing (LPO) as a strategic tool to strengthen their legal capacity while controlling costs; especially those engaged in international trade and investment, and technology. As a full-service international law firm, Karimi & Associates Law Firm provides a wide set

Mergers and acquisitions are some of the most complex and risky processes in the business world. Achieving success in this area requires more than a smart financial strategy; it also involves identifying and managing hidden risks that can undermine the rationale for an M&A deal. Due diligence, particularly in the legal area, is a vital process for thoroughly evaluating a target company before making any final commitments. Karimi & Associates

One of the most common contracts in production and trade is the Manufacturing Agreement. This legal agreement allows an employer to entrust the manufacturing and production of a specific good or product to another party, often referred to as the contractor or manufacturer. The contractor is responsible for producing and delivering the product in accordance with the technical specifications, quality standards, and timelines outlined in the contract. It is important

After the death of a person, one of the first legal steps the heirs usually need to take is obtaining an Inheritance Certificate (also known as Heirship Certificate). Without this certificate, the legal division and transfer of the estate cannot proceed. In practice, most inheritance-related actions—such as transferring property, accessing bank accounts, or settling the estate—depend on the issuance of this document. Because the process involves filing a formal application

The division of inheritance among the heirs of the deceased is conducted according to the rules and laws outlined in the Iranian Civil Code. When dividing the inheritance, only individuals specified in the inheritance classes and degrees, in order of priority, are entitled to benefit from it. A fundamental question regarding the division of inheritance is how heirs can legally receive their shares. The first step in inheriting and dividing